Which statement describes Postconventional Morality?

• A. Based on self-interest
• B. Based on a personal code of ethics
• C. Based on obedience to authority
• D. Based on social norms

Answer: (B)

Postconventional morality centers on reasoning from internal principles and universal ethical values rather than external rewards, rules, or social expectations. When someone operates at this level, they base their choices on a personal code of ethics—principles like justice, rights, and the respect for human dignity—even if those choices conflict with laws, authority, or social norms. This reflects moving beyond what’s agreeable to the majority or what authorities demand, toward what one’s own conscience and universal considerations deem right.

The other ideas fit earlier stages. Acting out of self-interest seeks personal gain or avoiding punishment. Obedience to authority relies on following orders or laws without applying one's own deeper principles. Basing actions on social norms emphasizes fitting in or conforming to what is typical in a group. A personal code of ethics stands apart because it represents internal, principle-driven decision making that can supersede external standards.